necessary alternative

dic igitur me passerculum... haedillum me tuom dic esse vel vitellum,

lege vel tabellas redde,

in solem ponito vel sine sale in defrutum condito,

ejusmodi conjunctionem tectorum oppidum vel urbem appellaverunt,

in unius voluntate vel moribus,

in unā urbe vel in hac ipsā,

constituere vel conservare,

in ardore caelesti, qui aether vel caelum nominatur,

transfer idem ad modestiam vel temperantiam,

unum illud extimescebam, ne quid turpiter facerem, vel dicam, jam effecissem,

ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem,

ex hoc populo indomito vel potius immani,

post obitum vel potius excessum Romuli,

cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,

vide quid licentiae nobis tua liberalitas det, vel potius audaciae,

ludorum plausus vel testimonia potius,

quam valde ille reditu vel potius reversione meā laetatus!

novem tibi orbibus, vel potius globis conexa sunt omnia,

plurimas vel potius omnes ex se ipso virtutes contulit,

tu certe numquam in hoc ordine vel potius numquam in hac urbe mansisses,

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium,

clariore vel plane perspicua,

Capua ab duce eorum Capye, vel. quod propius vero est, a campestri agro appellata,

cum P. Decius se in Samnium vel in Etruriam proficisci paratum esse ostendisset,

quando enim nobis, vel dicam aut oratoribus bonis aut poëtis, ullus... ornatus defuit?

omnes binos consules, vel dicam amplius, omnia nomina,

a plerisque vel dicam ab omnibus,

ut expositio quarundam rerum gestarum vel etiam fabulosarum,

id autem nec nasci potest nec mori, vel concidat omne caelum omnisque natura consistat necesse est,

vel tu ne faceres tale in adulescentiā,

si copias armatorum... secum expenderent, vincendum illā acie vel cadendum esse,

mortem omnibus ex naturā aequalem oblivione apud posteros vel gloriă distingui,

quod imperium variā sorte laetum rei publicae aut atrox, principibus prosperum vel exitio fuit,

nec aut tibi ipsi aut huic Secundo vel huic Apro ignotas,

ne contra Gai quidem aut Claudii vel Neronis... domum,

abscedens in hortos aut Tusculanum vel Antiatem in agrum,

dementiae quoque judicia aut propter id quod factum est aut propter id quod adhuc fieri vel non fieri potest instituuntur,

paucis me misit ad eam... vel ut ducentos Philippos reddat aureos, vel ut hinc eat secum,

ubi illic biberit, vel servato meum modum vel ego dabo,

vel tu me vende, vel face quod tibi lubet,

nunc quamobrem huc sum missa, amabo, vel tu mihi ajas, vel neges,

Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros... existimabant, vel vi coacturos, ut, etc.,

ut (Romani) vel sibi agros attribuant vel patiantur eos tenere, etc.,

vel sumptuosae vel desidiosae illecebrae,

in omni vel officio vel sermone sollers,

maximum virtutis vel documentum, vel officium,

pace vel Quirini vel Romuli dixerim,

erant quaestiones vel de caede vel de vi,

animus vel bello vel paci paratus,

hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit vel paci decorum vel bello,

utram mallet eligeret: suo exercitu se vel in Etruriā vel in Samnio rem gesturum,

gladioque ruptis omnibus loris, oraculi sortem vel elusit vel implevit,

nihil illo fuisset excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus,

num aut tuum aut cujusquam nostrum nomen vel Caucasum hunc transcendere potuit vel illum Gangem transnatare?

ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

si velim scribere quid aut legere aut canere vel voce vel fidibus, aut geometricum quiddam aut physicum aut dialecticum explicare, etc.,

multos sine ratione, sine litteris, quā vel inpudentia vel fames duxit, ruentes,

affectus vel illos mites vel hos concitatos in suā potestate habuisse,

hance tu mihi vel vi vel clam vel precario Fac tradas: meā nil re fert, dum potiar modo,

vel in tempestate, vel in agris, vel in corporibus,

vel quod ita vivit vel quod ita rem publicam gerit vel quod ita factus est,

vel spectator laudum tuarum vel particeps vel socius vel minister consiliorum,

so eight times,

quae vel ad usum vitae vel etiam ad ipsam rem publicam conferre possumus,

ut vel ea defendam, quae Pompejus velit, vel taceam, vel etiam ad nostra me studia referam litterarum,

in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis, vel vero etiam negotiis,

neque satis Bruto... vel tribunis militum constabat, quid agerent,

utrumque est in his, quod ab hoc oratore abhorreat: vel quod omnis, qui sapientes non sint, insanos esse dicunt... accedit quod, etc.,

habere ea, quae secundum naturam sint, vel omnia vel plurima et maxima,

Madv. ad loc.: cum bonā quidem spe, ut ait idem, vel vincendi vel in libertate moriendi,

verborum quoque vis ac proprietas confirmatur vel praesumptione... aut reprehensione,

voces... aut productione tantum vel correptione mutatae,

aut... aut... vel: ut aut de nomine aut scripto et sententiā vel ratiocinatione quaeratur,

aut... aut... aut... aut... vel,

ubi regnat Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Erimarchus,

tum opsonium autem pol vel legioni sat est,

ita me di ament, vel in lautumiis, vel in pistrino mavelim Agere aetatem, Quam, etc.,

vel rex semper maxumas Mihi agebat gratias,

sed tamen vel regnum malo quam liberum populum,

isto quidem modo vel consulatus vituperabilis est,

cum se vel principes ejus consilii fore profiterentur,

vel Priamo miseranda manus,

ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburae,

facile me paterer vel illo ipso acerrimo judice quaerente vel apud Cassianos judices... pro Sex. Roscio dicere,

populus Romanus auctoritatem suam vel contra omnes defendere potest,

id se probaturum vel ipso Verginio judice,

belli necessitatibus eam patientiam non adhibebimus, quam vel lusus ac voluptas elicere solet?

timebant ne Romana plebs... vel cum servitute pacem acciperet,

1, 3, 111: hoc ascensu vel tres armati quamlibet multitudinem arcuerint,

ego illum eunuchum, si opus sit, vel sobrius,

si sit opus, vel totum triduom,

haec sunt omnia ingenii vel mediocris,

ubi ego hinc abiero, vel occidito,

per me vel stertas licet, inquit Carneades, non modo quiescas,

ut ipsis sententiis, quibus proluserunt, vel pugnare possint,

cum vel abundare debeam, cogor mutuari,

videndum erit, quid quisque vel sine nobis aut possit consequi aut non possit,

existiment quod velint, ac vel hoc intellegant,

est tibi ex his ipsis qui assunt bella copia, vel ut a te ipso ordiare,

vidi in dolore podagrae ipsum vel omnium maximum Stoicorum Posidonium,

hoc in genere nervorum vel minimum, suavitatis autem est vel plurimum,

quarum duarum (civitatum) si adessent (legationes), duo crimina vel maxima minuerentur,

patre meā sententiā vel eloquentissimo temporibus illis,

quod erat ad obtinendam potentiam nobilium vel maximum, vehementer id retinebatur,

cujus (sc. Hannibalis) eo tempore vel maxima apud regem auctoritas erat,

vident unum senatorem vel tenuissimum esse damnatum,

fora templaque occupabantur, ut vel exspectatissimi triumphi laetitia praecipi posset,

sed vel potentissima apud Amphictyonas aequi tractatio est,

vel studiosissime quaerere,

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram,

vel maxime confirmare,

vel maxime,

Per pol quam paucos reperias Fideles amatores... Vel hic Pamphilus jurabat quotiens Bacchidi, etc.,

vel heri in vino quam inmodestus fuisti,

vel me haec deambulatio... ad languorum dedit,

sed suavis accipio litteras, vel quas proxime acceperam, quam prudentis!

cujus innumerabilia sunt exempla, vel Appii majoris illius, qui, etc.,

adulescens vel potentissimus nostrae civitatis,

domus vel optima Messanae, notissima quidem certe,

quā re etsi minus veram causam habebis, tamen vel probabilem aliquam poteris inducere,

plurimi semetipsos exhortantur vel aliquas partes earum (scientiarum) addiscere, quamvis universas percipere non possint,

ac, ni flexisset animos, vel Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret,

ut messe vel unā releves colla perusta,

die Konsequenzen tragen — take the consequences

die Konsequenzen tragen — take the consequences

in tal caso — in that case, if so

in caso contrario — if not, should it not be the case

in caso affermativo — if so, should that be the case

in entrambi i -i — either way, in either case

nel migliore, nel peggiore dei -i — at best, at worst

in ogni caso — at any rate, in any case

in nessun caso — in no case, under no circumstances

a seconda dei -i, secondo il caso — depending on the circumstances, as the case may be

in caso di emergenza, incendio — in case of emergency, fire

in caso di bisogno — if necessary, if need be

in caso di incidente — in the event of an accident

si dà il caso che lo conosca — I happen to know him

poniamo o mettiamo il caso che... suppose (that)..., let's assume that...; i -i sono due there are two possibilities; nel caso in cui o in caso venisse — in case he comes, should he come

il caso volle che... — as luck would have it,...

non è un caso se... — it's no accident that

mi trovavo lì per caso — I (just) happened to be there

se per caso — if by any chance

hai per caso il suo indirizzo? — do you have his address by any chance? do you happen to have his address?

nel tuo caso — in your case

le precauzioni del caso — the necessary precautions

il caso Rossi — the Rossi case

un caso di omicidio — a murder case

diversi -i di morbillo — several cases of measles

fare caso a qcn., qcs. — to pay attention to, to notice sb., sth.

fare al caso di qcn. — to suit sb., to serve sb. purpose

questo fa al caso mio — this is exactly what I need

è il caso di dirglielo? — should we tell him?

era (proprio) il caso? — was it really necessary?

non è il caso di preoccuparsi — there's no need to worry

non è il caso di ridere — it's no occasion for laughter

non farci caso! — never mind! take no notice!

• la necesidad de algo — the need for sth

la necesidad de que la OTAN cumpla su promesa — the need for NATO to carry out its promise

hay necesidad de discreción en este momento — there is a need for discretion at this moment

se habló de la necesidad de encontrar una nueva vía de diálogo — the need to find a new approach to the talks was discussed

no hay necesidad de hacerlo — there is no need to do it

tienen necesidad urgente de ayuda alimenticia — they urgently need food aid, they are in urgent need of food aid

con la nueva tarjeta bancaria no tendrá necesidad de llevar dinero — with the new bank card you won't need to carry money with you

y ¿qué necesidad tienes de irte a un hotel habiendo camas en casa? — why would you need to go to a hotel when there are spare beds at home?

• de necesidad, en caso de necesidad — in an emergency

una situación de necesidad — an emergency

una herida mortal de necesidad — a fatal wound

• por necesidad, tuve que aprenderlo por necesidad — I had to learn it out of necessity

el que se llame John no significa que tenga que ser inglés por necesidad — the fact that he is called John does not necessarily mean that he is English

• sin necesidad, no corra riesgos sin necesidad — don't take unnecessary risks

sin necesidad de algo — without the need for sth

podemos llegar a un acuerdo sin necesidad de que intervenga el director — we can come to an agreement without any need for the director to intervene

ahora podemos ir de compras sin necesidad de movernos de casa — now we can go shopping without needing to leave the house

satisfacer las necesidades de algn — to satisfy sb's needs

para un representante un coche no es un lujo, es una necesidad — for a sales rep, a car is not a luxury, it's a necessity

están en la mayor necesidad — they are in great need

encontrarse en una necesidad — to be in a tight spot

en caso de necesidad — if necessary, if need be

una imperiosa necesidad — an urgent need

no hay necesidad de que se entere — there's no need for her to know

la necesidad tiene cara de hereje — beggars can't be choosers

pasaron muchas necesidades — they underwent great hardship

hacer sus necesidades — (euf) to relieve oneself (euph)

en caso de necesidad — if necessary, if need be

una imperiosa necesidad — an urgent need

no hay necesidad de que se entere — there's no need for her to know

la necesidad tiene cara de hereje — beggars can't be choosers

pasaron muchas necesidades — they underwent great hardship

hacer sus necesidades — (euf) to relieve oneself (euph)

he estado comparando los precios — I've been comparing prices

por favor, no compares, esta casa es mucho mejor que la que tenías antes — there's no comparison, this house is much better than the one you had before

comparar algo/a alguien con algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody with something/somebody

comparar algo/a alguien a algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody to something/somebody

comparar algo/a alguien con algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody with something/somebody

comparar algo/a alguien a algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody to something/somebody

cuando llegué a su casa él ya se había ido — when I got to his house he had already left

te lo diré cuando nos veamos — I'll tell you when I see you

ven cuando quieras — come when(ever) you like

cuando iba allí lo veía — whenever I went there I saw him, I used to see him when(ever) I went there

me acuerdo de cuando jugábamos en el patio — I remember when we used to play in the yard

lo dejaremos para cuando estés mejor — we'll leave it until you're better

cuando él lo dice, será verdad — if he says so, it must be true

cuando no te ha dicho nada todavía, es que no piensa invitarte — if he hasn't said anything yet, that means he isn't thinking of inviting you

yo lo hago todo, cuando es él quien debería hacerlo — I'm the one that does it all, when it should be him

fue entonces cuando comprendí la importancia del problema — it was then that o that was when I understood the seriousness of the problem

en abril es cuando más casos hay — April is when there are most cases, it's in April that there are most cases

• cuando más — at (the) most

esperamos llegar, cuando menos, a las semifinales — we are hoping to reach the semifinals, at least

docenas, cuando no cientos, de películas — dozens, if not hundreds, of films

eso fue cuando la guerra — that was during the war

ocurrió cuando la boda — it happened at the time of the wedding

ahora es cuando me viene mejor — now is the best time for me

cuando estoy solo — when I'm alone

cuando éramos pequeños — when we were young; (+ subj)

cuando se mejore — when she gets better

cuando sea viejo — when I'm old

será verdad cuando él lo dice — it must be true if he says so

dijo 2 cuando en realidad son 3 — he said 2 when what he meant was 3

de vez en cuando — from time to time, every so often

cuando menos — at least

cuando quiera — whenever

yo estaba allí cuando la explosión — I was there when the explosion happened

una ermita de cuando los moros — a hermitage from the time of the Moors

ahora es cuando me viene mejor — now is the best time for me

cuando estoy solo — when I'm alone

cuando éramos pequeños — when we were young; (+ subj)

cuando se mejore — when she gets better

cuando sea viejo — when I'm old

será verdad cuando él lo dice — it must be true if he says so

dijo 2 cuando en realidad son 3 — he said 2 when what he meant was 3

de vez en cuando — from time to time, every so often

cuando menos — at least

cuando quiera — whenever

yo estaba allí cuando la explosión — I was there when the explosion happened

una ermita de cuando los moros — a hermitage from the time of the Moors

supervivencia de los más aptos, supervivencia de los mejor dotados — survival of the fittest

no se puede tolerar esto — this cannot be tolerated

no tolera que digan eso — he won't allow them to say that

su madre le tolera demasiado — his mother lets him get away with too much

su estómago no tolera los huevos — eggs don't agree with him

el cosmonauta toleró muy bien esta situación difícil — the cosmonaut stood up very well to this awkward situation

el puente no tolera el peso de los tanques — the bridge will not support the weight of the tanks

eso no se puede tolerar! — that's intolerable!

eso no se puede tolerar! — that's intolerable!

de buen parecer — good-looking, handsome

de mal parecer — unattractive

esos zapatos no parecen muy cómodos — those shoes don't look very comfortable

pareces más joven — you look younger

parece una modelo — she looks like a model

¡pareces una reina! — you look like a queen!

una casa que parece un palacio — a house that looks like a palace

estos guantes parecen de seda — these gloves feel like silk

parece muy afectado por la noticia — he seems very upset by the news

parecía una persona muy amable — she seemed very nice

desde que se divorció no parece la misma — since she got divorced she seems a different person

todo parecía indicar que estaba interesado — everything seemed to point towards him being interested

parece como si quisiera ocultar algo — it's as if he were trying to hide something

en mi sueño parecía como si volara — in my dream it was as if I was flying

parece que fue ayer — it seems only yesterday

parece que huele a gas — I think I can smell gas

parecerle a algn: ¿qué os pareció la película? — what did you think of the film?

¿no te parece extraño que no haya llamado? — don't you think it's strange that she hasn't called?